Protabase Record

Prota 11(1): Medicinal plants/Plantes médicinales 1
Record display

Schlechterina mitostemmatoides Harms

Protologue
Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 148 (1902).
Family
Passifloraceae
Origin and geographic distribution
Schlechterina mitostemmatoides occurs in south-eastern Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique and north-eastern South Africa.
Uses
In Tanzania a root decoction and leaf sap are taken to treat malaria, and the root decoction also as an aphrodisiac. In Mozambique a decoction of the leaves mixed with those of Hymenocardia ulmoides Oliv. is taken before meals to treat heavy menstruation. In Kenya and Mozambique the stem is used as a tying material.
Properties
Leaves and leaf callus cultures of Schlechterina mitostemmatoides contain cyanogenic glycosides.
Botany
Small liana or scandent shrub up to 3 m tall, with axillary, up to 14 cm long tendrils; old stems corky, shoots often with lenticels. Leaves alternate, simple to pinnately lobed; stipules triangular to linear, c. 0.5 mm long, soon falling; petiole 4–12 mm long; blade elliptical to lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 3–13 cm × 1–5 cm, base cuneate, apex acute to acuminate, margin entire or toothed; leaves on saplings or juvenile shoots often linear and pinnately lobed, those of flowering branches often elliptical and entire to toothed. Inflorescence an axillary fascicle, 1–3-flowered; bracts almost triangular, 0.5–1 mm long. Flowers bisexual, regular, whitish, glabrous; pedicel up to 2.5 cm long, jointed; sepals 3–4, free, elliptical to oblong, 6–11 mm × 3–6 mm, obtuse; petals 2–4, free, elliptical to oblong, 5–10 mm long, obtuse; corona composed of threads fused at the base into a tube 0.5–2 mm long, free parts of threads 4–6 mm long; stamens 6–8, with filaments 6–10 mm long, fused at base; ovary superior, ellipsoid-oblong, 2–2.5 mm long, apex narrowed into style 1.5–2 mm long, stigma 3–4-lobed, flattened. Fruit a stalked oblong-ellipsoid capsule c. 5 cm long, 3–4 valved, leathery, many-seeded. Seeds ellipsoid, flattened, c. 7 mm long, enveloped by an aril.
Schlechterina comprises a single species and is characterized by its leaves of different shapes. In Mozambique Schlechterina mitostemmatoides flowers from October to February.
Ecology
Schlechterina mitostemmatoides occurs in lowland dry, evergreen and riverine forest and coastal bushland from sea-level up to 700 m altitude. It occurs on sandy and on black soils.
Genetic resources and breeding
Although Schlechterina mitostemmatoides is locally common in Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique, it has a rather limited area of distribution and is considered an endangered species in northern KwaZulu-Natal. Some caution would be needed in case of increased use of this species.
Prospects
The use of Schlechterina mitostemmatoides appears to be limited and it will probably remain this way. Because of the wide medicinal use of other Passifloraceae species containing cyanogenic compounds, more research into the chemical composition and pharmacological activities of Schlechterina mitostemmatoides seems warranted.
Major references
• Fernandes, R. & Fernandes, A., 1978. Passifloraceae. In: Launert, E. (Editor). Flora Zambesiaca. Volume 4. Flora Zambesiaca Managing Committee, London, United Kingdom. pp. 368–411.
• Jäger, A.K., McAlister, B.G. & van Staden, J., 1995. Cyanogenic glycosides in leaves and callus cultures of Schlechterina mitostemmatoides. South African Journal of Botany 61(5): 274–275.
• Maite, A.L., 1994. An ethnobotanical study of two Passifloraceae species used in traditional medicine in Mozambique. In: Seyani, J.H. & Chikuni, A.C. (Editors). Proceedings of the 8th plenary meeting of AETFAT, 2–11 April 1991, Zomba, Malawi. Volume 1. pp. 267–271.
Other references
• Beentje, H.J., 1994. Kenya trees, shrubs and lianas. National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. 722 pp.
• de Wilde, W.J.J.O., 1975. Passifloraceae. In: Polhill, R.M. (Editor). Flora of Tropical East Africa. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London, United Kingdom. 71 pp.
• Pakia, M. & Cooke, J.A., 2003. The ethnobotany of the Midzichenda tribes of the coastal forest areas in Kenya: 1. General perspective and non-medicinal plant uses. South African Journal of Botany 69(3): 370–381.
Author(s)

•	A. de Ruijter PROTA Network Office Europe, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 341, 6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands

Editors

•	G.H. Schmelzer PROTA Network Office Europe, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 341, 6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands
•	A. Gurib-Fakim Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius

Associate editors

•	C.H. Bosch PROTA Network Office Europe, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 341, 6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands
•	M.S.J. Simmonds Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, United Kingdom
•	R. Arroo Leicester School of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, United Kingdom
•	A. de Ruijter PROTA Network Office Europe, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 341, 6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands

General editors

•	R.H.M.J. Lemmens PROTA Network Office Europe, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 341, 6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands
•	L.P.A. Oyen PROTA Network Office Europe, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 341, 6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands

Correct citation of this article:
de Ruijter, A., 2007. Schlechterina mitostemmatoides Harms. In: Schmelzer, G.H. & Gurib-Fakim, A. (Editors). Prota 11(1): Medicinal plants/Plantes médicinales 1. [CD-Rom]. PROTA, Wageningen, Netherlands.